Updated: 11/5/2019
PDF

Abbyy finereader OCR software (Upd: 6/25/2018)

Shareware. Convert PDF to text. [Report a dead link]
http://finereader.abbyy.com/

A-PDF (Upd: 11/10/2015)

Freeware extracts text from PDF files in 3 different modes: PDF order, Smart Rearrange, With Position. [Report a dead link]
http://www.a-pdf.com/text/

CAM::PDF (Upd: 12/28/2012)

Perl PDF API that can append pages to PDF. [Report a dead link]

CrackMyPDF (Upd: 7/27/2012)

Crack a PDF so you can edit, print it, copy data, extract data. This cannot remove a password; or remove third-party DRM. [Report a dead link]
http://www.crackmypdf.com/

GS View , GSView (Upd: 8/7/2012)

FREE. View Ghostscript files. [Report a dead link]
http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/

Gymnast (Upd: 8/7/2012)

Convert text files to PDF. [Report a dead link]
http://www.oakworth.demon.co.uk/gym_full.zip

Multiple PDF Printer , 340kb , Rating: 1 (Upd: 3/12/2014)

Print multiple PDF files at once. This immediately crashed on WinXP. [Report a dead link]
http://www.freewarefiles.com/Multiple-PDF- Printer_program_24346.html

PDF Creator , 7,500kb (Upd: 3/12/2014)

PDFCreator is a free tool to create PDFs easily from nearly any application. With the PDFCreator Printer driver you turn any program into a PDF-machine. It's the easy way of creating PDFs out of common software Like Word, StarCalc and every other Windows Application that uses the Windows Printers. Also at http://sector7g.wurzel6.de/pdfcreator/index_en.htm. [Report a dead link]
http://sourceforge.net/projects/pdfcreator

PDF Online (Upd: 7/13/2012)

Create PDFs for free online. [Report a dead link]
http://www.pdfonline.com/

pdf2html (Upd: 10/28/2015)

Links to pdf2html programs. NOT AN OCR PROGRAM. www.tinyapps.org. [Report a dead link]
http://sourceforge.net/projects/pdftohtml

PDF2Word , Editor's Pick (Upd: 3/12/2014)

Convert PDF file to Word DOC files online. Works very well, even converts PDF images to inline Word images. Max PDF file is 10mb. [Report a dead link]
http://www.pdftoword.com/

PDF995 (Upd: 9/25/2018)

The free versions display a sponsor page in your web browser each time you run the software.

Automatic insertion of embedded links
Hierarchical Bookmarks
Support for Digital Signatures
Support for Triple DES encryption
Append Delete and Reorder PDF Pages
Batch Print from Microsoft Office
Asian and Cyrillic fonts
Integration with Microsoft Word toolbar
PDF Stationery
Combining multiple PDF's into a single PDF
Burst/Split PDFs
Sticky Note Annotations
Three auto-name options to bypass Save As dialog
Imposition of Draft/Confidential stamps
Support for large format architectural printing
Convert PDF to JPEG, TIFF, BMP, PCX formats
Convert PDF to HTML and Word DOC conversion
Convert PDF to text
Automatic Table of Contents generation
Support for XP Fast User Switching and multiple user sessions
Standard PDF Encryption (restricted printing, modifying, copying text and images)
Support for Optimized PDF and Compressed PDF
Support for custom page sizes
Support for shared network printing
Dynamic Page and 'Bates' stamping
Option to attach PDFs to email after creation
Automatic text summarization of PDF documents
Easy integration with document management and Workflow systems
n-Up printing
Automatic page numbering
Simple Programmers Interface
Option to automatically display PDFs after creation
Custom resizing of PDF output
Configurable Font embedding
Support for Citrix/Terminal Server
Support for Windows 2003 Server
Easy PS to PDF processing
Specify PDF document properties
Control PDF opening mode
RGB and CMYK colorspaces
Page Rotation
Can be configured to add functionality to Acrobat Distiller
Free: Creates PDFs without annoying watermarks
Free: Fully functional, not a trial and does not expire

[Report a dead link]
http://www.pdf995.com/

PDFGen (Upd: 7/13/2012)

Free PDF printer device. Just print to this device to make a PDF. [Report a dead link]
http://www.programmersheaven.com/search/Download.asp? FileID=23344

pdftk , Editor's Pick (Upd: 9/25/2018)

Swiss army knife for pdf files. Split, merge, add watermarks, more.
2010 update: This guy has kept the software updated. I've been using it since 2003, and it's now 2010. I highly recommend this software.

Merge PDF Documents
Split PDF Pages into a New Document
Rotate PDF Pages or Documents
Decrypt Input as Necessary (Password Required)
Encrypt Output as Desired
Fill PDF Forms with FDF Data or XFDF Data and/or Flatten Forms
Apply a Background Watermark or a Foreground Stamp
Report on PDF Metrics such as Metadata, Bookmarks, and Page Labels
Update PDF Metadata
Attach Files to PDF Pages or the PDF Document
Unpack PDF Attachments
Burst a PDF Document into Single Pages
Uncompress and Re-Compress Page Streams
Repair Corrupted PDF (Where Possible)

[Report a dead link]
http://www.pdfhacks.com/pdftk/

PDFtotext (Upd: 11/10/2015)

Works fairly well. Also PNG to PDF, Epub to PDF, PDF to DOC, PDF to MOBI, HTML to PDF, DjVu to PDF, DOC to PDF. [Report a dead link]
http://pdftotext.com/

PDFToWord (Upd: 9/25/2018)

Did not work with 9mb PDF file. Resulting file may be too big to send, especially if the PDF contained an image for each page. [Report a dead link]
http://www.pdfonline.com/pdf-to-word-converter/

Print Conductor (Upd: 2/23/2012)

Print multiple PDFs at once. Cannot size window, but otherwise works great. [Report a dead link]
http://www.print-conductor.com/download_pc.htm

Print Multiple 1.9 (Upd: 3/12/2014)

Print multiple PDF files at once. [Report a dead link]
http://print-multiple-pdf.software.informer.com/1.9/

Transcript (Upd: 9/25/2018)

OCR converts images to text. [Report a dead link]
http://www.jacobboerema.nl/en/Freeware.htm

Tumble (Upd: 3/12/2012)

Create one PDF file from multiple image files. [Report a dead link]
http://tumble.brouhaha.com/

Very PDF (Upd: 2/23/2012)

Scales pages to printer. It's a command-line program which can be embedded in other programs. [Report a dead link]
http://www.verypdf.com/pdfprint/pdf-print-cmd.html

Weasyprint (Upd: 11/5/2019) NEW

Convert HTML to nice PDF documents. [Report a dead link]
https://weasyprint.org/

Wkhtmltopdf (Upd: 11/5/2019) NEW

Convert any HTML or web page URL into a PDF. Binaries for Windows, Linux, Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, and Mac. [Report a dead link]
https://wkhtmltopdf.org/

Xpdf , Editor's Pick (Upd: 9/25/2018)

NOT AN OCR PROGRAM. Viewer for PDF files for unix and windows. Includes PDF text extractor. This text extractor works much better than pdftotext above. It also can make basic html documents. It can keep text order, which means if your page has 2 columns, the text for col 1 will appear first, then for col 2.

Failed on this 9mb doc: http://www.517prct.org/documents/bluebook_magazine/Dec1947/Dec47.pdf. No text was extracted, only 10 form feeds. (Another PDF converted converted this to one image per page, so the source doc that made the original PDF was likely just one image per page. Not the fault of XPDF.)
Does not properly put in blank lines between paragraphs.
Does not format text especially if scattered images are involved.

[Report a dead link]
http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/about.html

Zamzar.com (Upd: 9/25/2018)

Convert images, documents online to many formats. Max 100mb input file size. Converts to: (many image formats), ps, ppt, pptx, pub, rtf, txt, (spreadsheet formats), (audio formats), azw, cbz, cbr, cbc, chm, epub, fb2, lit, lrt, mobi, prc, pdb, pml, rb, tcr.

2012: This converted a PDF file to an RTF file with a series of images. It does not extract text. What a disappointment. [Report a dead link]
http://www.zamzar.com